Synopsis

The global energy transition is accelerating toward a sustainable power society, driven by the rapid integration of variable renewable energy (VRE) such as solar and wind. For Thailand and the ASEAN region, achieving high VRE penetration presents both unprecedented opportunities and complex challenges for power system planning, operation, and reliability. Grid modernization emerges as a critical enabler, encompassing advanced transmission infrastructure, digitalization, flexible resources, and innovative market mechanisms. This study explores the strategic pathways for transitioning conventional grids into resilient, intelligent, and low-carbon systems. Key opportunities include leveraging energy storage, demand response, and grid-forming technologies to enhance flexibility and stability. Conversely, challenges such as intermittency, forecasting uncertainty, and cybersecurity risks require robust solutions through advanced control, real-time monitoring, and regulatory frameworks. By examining global best practices and regional case studies, this work highlights actionable strategies for EGAT and stakeholders to ensure a secure, sustainable, and economically viable power system in the era of high VRE penetration.